Wednesday, January 22, 2020
Scarlet Letter Essay -- Essays Papers
Scarlet Letter The Puritan Beliefs As Told Through The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne was not a Puritan. But Hawthroneââ¬â¢s forefathers were Puritans, so he had an understanding of their belief system and their basis behind it. He stated that he hoped the sins of his forefathers had been forgiven. Hoping to expose those ideas which he understood, yet despised, Hawthorne purposely presented many important Puritan beliefs as import aspects to the Scarlet Letter. In the Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne addresses three main Puritan beliefs: providence, predestination, and the strict code of ethics that the settlers of New Englanders lived by. The first main Puritanical belief Hawthorne referred to was the belief in divine providence. The Puritans believed that God granted providence, the right to enter heaven upon oneââ¬â¢s death, to people who were moral and performed meaningful deeds while on earth. The main example of God granting providence is in chapter 8 when Hester visits the governor concerning Pearl. "â⬠¦ The young ministerââ¬â¢s argumentâ⬠¦[that] the child had saved [Hester] from Satanââ¬â¢s snare" (100). Surly if God did not want Hester to enter His kingdom upon her passing, He certainly wouldââ¬â¢ve allowed Pearl to be taken and Hester to enter the forest with Mistress Gibbons. A second example of providence in the Scarlet Letter is when Dimmesdale is dying on the scaffold. He claims that the "burning torture upon his breast" (226) and the "dark and terrible old man" (226) ...
Tuesday, January 14, 2020
Romeo and juliet:love
Romeo and Juliet written by William Shakespeare is one of the most famous love stories. Most people think it is Just about romantic love, but indeed it has many different forms of love that exists which is portrayed throughout the Shakespearian novel. The novel uses the main theme of love to push the story along and keep it going. Presented are variations of love including forbidden love, unrequited Love and blind love. This essay aims to analyse these three types of love chosen. Romeo and Juliet is a brilliant play about a young boy and girl, whom fall deeply in love with each other.Romeo is from the house of Montague, while Juliet is from the house of Capulet. Both families have been feuding with each other for a long time; however, despite the families feuding, Romeo and Juliet marry each other in secrecy. This is an example of forbidden love. In Romeo and Juliet the two main characters rush into love and it didn't end up the way they planned it to. They see each other's seen beau ty and think they will live happily together, but things change throughout the tory that take a turn for the worst.Romeo gets banished from Verona making their love for each other hard making them sneak around to manage it. Juliet pretends to kill herself so Romeo would come back but Romeo goes back thinking Juliet actually killed herself, so he decides he must kill himself. Juliet wakes up and sees her love dead and decides if she cannot live with Romeo she will not live at all, and kills herself also. The first time Romeo sees Juliet he says, ââ¬Å"Did my heart love till? / Forswear it sight!For I ne'er saw true beauty till this nightâ⬠(1. 5). Romeo without hesitating decides that he is in love with Juliet now even though he has not spoken to her at all. Which brings us into unrequited love and the ââ¬Ëone sided' love between Romeo and Rosaline. You are never positive if someone really loves you or not. All you know is that you truly love them. That is what makes unrequi ted love difficult for people. In Romeo and Juliet, unrequited love is present whether it was apparent or implied, we don't know.When we are introduced to the character Romeo, he is infatuated by Rosaline which he thought was love at first sight, but she happens to not be in love with him and plans to become a nun. Romeo is in love with Rosaline while Paris falls in love with Juliet which are the most obvious examples in Romeo and Juliet. Romeo's apparent ââ¬Å"loveâ⬠for Juliet is no different than his love for Rosaline because Romeo is in love with the idea of being in love. Although, I do believe there is an unrequited love between Juliet and her parents.In Romeo and Juliet, love and hate are Just two emotions on the same side. Both emotions are intense emotions that as Benvolio says, get the ââ¬Å"mad blood stirringâ⬠(3. 1. 4). When the hatred is going on between the Montagues and Capulets, it finally pushes Romeo and Juliet to their tragic deaths but which their pa rents thought they were doing right for their children. But if they're Just two emotions on the same side, then can this kind of passionate love even exist without hate? romeo and juliet:love By victoriacoates
Sunday, January 5, 2020
The Maldives Facts and History
The Maldives is a nation with an unusual problem. In the coming decades, it may cease to exist. Usually, when a country faces an existential threat, it comes from neighboring nations. Israel is surrounded by hostile states, some of which have openly declared their intention to wipe it from the map. Kuwait was nearly snuffed when Saddam Hussein invaded it in 1990. If the Maldives disappears, though, it will be the Indian Ocean itself that swallows the country, fueled by global climate change. Rising sea levels are also a worry for many Pacific Island nations, of course, along with another South Asian country, low-lying Bangladesh. The moral of the story? Visit the beautiful Maldive Islands soon and be sure to buy carbon offsets for your trip. Government The Maldivian government is centered in the capitol city of Male, population 104,000, on the Kaafu Atoll. Male is the largest city in the archipelago. Under the constitutional reforms of 2008, the Maldives has a republican government with three branches. The President serves as both head of state and head of government; presidents are elected to five-year terms. The legislature is a unicameral body, called the Peoples Majlis. Representatives are apportioned according to the population of each atoll; members are also elected for five-year terms. Since 2008, the judicial branch has been separate from the executive. It has several layers of courts: the Supreme Court, the High Court, four Superior Courts, and local Magistrate Courts. At all levels, judges must apply Islamic sharia law to any matter that is not specifically addressed by the Constitution or laws of the Maldives. Population With just 394,500 people, the Maldives has the smallest population in Asia. More than one-quarter of Maldivians are concentrated in the city of Male. The Maldive Islands were likely populated by both purposeful immigrants and ship-wrecked sailors from southern India and Sri Lanka. There seem to have been additional infusions from the Arab Peninsula and East Africa, whether because sailors liked the islands and stayed voluntarily, or because they were stranded. Although Sri Lank and India traditionally practiced a strict division of society along Hindu caste lines, society in the Maldives is organized in a simpler two-tier pattern: nobles and commoners. Most of the nobility live in Male, the capital city. Languages The official language of the Maldives is Dhivehi, which seems to be a derivative of the Sri Lankan language Sinhala. Although Maldivians use Dhivehi for most of their daily communications and transactions, English is gaining traction as the most common second language. Religion The official religion of the Maldives is Sunni Islam, and according to the Maldivian Constitution, only Muslims may be citizens of the country. Open practice of other faiths is punishable by law. Geography and Climate The Maldives is a double chain of coral atolls running north-south through the Indian Ocean, off the southwest coast of India. Altogether, it comprises 1,192 low-lying islands. The islands are dispersed over 90,000 square kilometers (35,000 square miles) of the oceanà but the total land area of the country is only 298 square kilometers or 115 square miles. Crucially, the average elevation of the Maldives is just 1.5 meters (almost 5 feet) about sea level. The highest point in the entire country is 2.4 meters (7 feet, 10 inches) in elevation. During the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, six of the Maldives islands were completely destroyed, and fourteen more rendered uninhabitable. The climate of the Maldives is tropical, with temperatures ranging between 24 à °C (75 à °F) and 33 à °C (91 à °F) year-round. The monsoon rains generally fall between June and August, bringing 250-380 centimeters (100-150 inches) of rain. Economy The economy of the Maldives is based on three industries: tourism, fishing, and shipping. Tourism accounts for $325 million US per year, or about 28% of the GDP, and also brings in 90% of government tax income. Over half a million tourists visit each year, mainly from Europe. The second-largest sector of the economy is fishing, which contributes 10% of GDP and employs 20% of the workforce. Skipjack tuna is the prey of choice in the Maldives, and it is exported canned, dried, frozen and fresh. In 2000, the fishing industry brought in $40 million US. Other small industries, including agriculture (which is severely restricted by the lack of land and freshwater), handicrafts and boat-building also make small but important contributions to the Maldivian economy. The Maldives currency is called the rufiyaa. The 2012 exchange rate is 15.2 rufiyaa per 1 US dollar. History of the Maldives Settlers from southern India and Sri Lanka seem to have peopled the Maldives by the fifth century BCE, if not earlier. Little archaeological evidence remains from this period, however. The earliest Maldivians likely subscribed to proto-Hindu beliefs. Buddhism was introduced to the islands early, perhaps during the reign of Ashoka the Great (r. 265-232 BCE). The archaeological remains of Buddhist stupas and other structures are evident on at least 59 of the individual islands, but recently Muslim fundamentalists have destroyed some pre-Islamic artifacts and works of art. In the 10th through 12th centuries CE, sailors from Arabia and East Africa began to dominate the Indian Ocean trade routes around the Maldives. They stopped in for supplies and to trade for cowrie shells, which were used as currency in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The sailors and traders brought a new religion with them, Islam, and had converted all of the local kings by the year 1153. After their conversion to Islam, the formerly Buddhist kings of the Maldives became sultans. The sultans ruled without foreign meddling until 1558, when the Portuguese appeared and established a trading post in the Maldives. By 1573, however, the local people drove the Portuguese out of the Maldives, because the Portuguese insisted on trying to convert people to Catholicism. In the mid-1600s, the Dutch East India Company established a presence in the Maldives, but the Dutch were wise enough to stay out of local affairs. When the British ousted the Dutch in 1796à and made the Maldives part of a British protectorate, they initially continued this policy of leaving internal affairs to the sultans. Britains role as the protector of the Maldives was formalized in an 1887 treaty, which gave the British government sole authority to run the countrys diplomatic and foreign affairs. The British governor of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) also served as the official in charge of the Maldives. This protectorate status lasted until 1953. Beginning on January 1, 1953, Mohamed Amin Didi became the first president of the Maldives after abolishing the sultanate. Didi had tried to push through social and political reforms, including rights for women, that angered conservative Muslims. His administration also faced critical economic problems and food shortages, leading to his ouster. Didi was deposed on August 21, 1953, after less than eight months in office, and passed away in internal exile the following year. After Didis fall, the sultanate was re-established, and British influence in the archipelago continued until the UK granted the Maldives its independence in a 1965 treaty. In March 1968, the people of the Maldives voted to abolish the sultanate once more, paving the way for the Second Republic. The political history of the Second Republic has been full of coups, corruption, and conspiracies. The first president, Ibrahim Nasir, ruled from 1968 until 1978, when he was forced into exile in Singapore after having stolen millions of dollars from the national treasury. The second president, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, ruled from 1978 until 2008, despite at least three coup attempts (including a 1988 attempt that featured an invasion by Tamil mercenaries). Gayoom was finally forced out of office when Mohamed Nasheed prevailed in the 2008 presidential election, but Nasheed, in turn, was ousted in a coup in 2012 and replaced by Dr. Mohammad Waheed Hassan Manik.
Saturday, December 28, 2019
The Code Of Ethics For The Education Profession Essay
Introduction Under this code of Ethics, we believe that as an educator you have a duty to provide an environment that nurtures and supports the learning of each and every student. The belief that all humans deserve a safe atmosphere which involves the educators to take all reasonable precautions to defend the safety, dignity, and well-being of students and staff. The educator identifies the importance of the responsibility essential in the teaching process. The desire for the respect and confidence of one s students, of coworkers, of parents, of authority, and of the members of the community offers the encouragement to accomplish and preserve the uppermost credible mark of ethical manner. The Code of Ethics for the Education Profession shows the goal of all educators and make available values and standards on how to judge conduct. Educators expectations are to accept responsibility and support the notion that all children have the right to an education free of discrimination, prejudice thinking, and inequity. Principle I: Responsibility The educator is mindful that trust in the profession rest upon a standard of professional behavior and responsibility that is higher by law. This demands holding oneself and other educators to the same ethical ideals. A. The professional educator demonstrates responsibility by: 1. Recognizing that lack of knowledge or understanding of the Code is not a valid defense to a charge of unethical behavior; 2. Understanding andShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues Faced by the Accountancy Profession Essay1747 Words à |à 7 PagesEthics plays an essential and integral part in the accountancy profession. Professional conduct plays an important role in establishing public trust in financial reporting and business practise. Yet this can and has come under threat when clients and employees are exposed to the risk of fraud when accounting ethics are not adhered to. Codes of ethics are adopted to ensure the reliability, comparability and integrity of financial statements. Ethical standards exist to safeguard the fundamental principlesRead MoreEthics And Code Of Ethics1359 Words à |à 6 Pagesethical codes in which it is useful to become aware of these differences for your future employment in working with a variety of professionals. Future coworkers may have different views and opinions however, a code of ethics will individualize these professionals and set standards. By making yourself aware of the differences, communication can become easier between employees of various backgrounds. Two particular organizations to compare may include the American Counseling Association Code of EthicsRead More Codes of Ethics in Health Care Essay995 Words à |à 4 PagesEthical Codes are in use today by many organizations to clearly establish their values and provide a procedure if a code violation occurs. Medical ethics began as a professional code for physicians and has now expanded and includes a variety of health care professions and health care organizations. The growth of medical knowledge and technology have grown so have the concerns that ethical standards and issues facing our society today may be compromised or not appropriately addressed (LittletonRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics895 Words à |à 4 Pages A code of ethics is a guide of principles designed to help professionals conduct business honestly and with integrity.1Most organization have codes of ethics that its members are required to follow and it lays out the rules and acceptable behavior of its the members on ethics and which actions are acceptable or not acceptable business practices. One industry where professional codes of ethics are important is health care. Most health care workers belong to an accredited organization of their professionRead MoreIs Nursing A Profession?1153 Words à |à 5 Pages Is Nursing A Profession? Prentella Wilkerson University of Alabama at Birmingham Is Nursing a Profession? A pronounced dispute still stands of whether a job of a nurse can be considered a profession or an occupation. Merriam-Webster s Medical Dictionary defines a profession as a ââ¬Å"calling requiring specialized knowledge and often long and intensive academic preparationâ⬠(Profession, 2013). Merriam-Webster s Medical Dictionary defines an occupation as ââ¬Å"a practice preformed with financialRead MoreThe Army Profession986 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe Army as a profession is a widely debated issue. Some attest that the military employs a small cadre of professionals, yet this does not qualify the entire vocation as a profession. Others are not so kind and paint a picture of mindless robots simply following orders. The debate rages because it is fundamentally difficult to find an absolute definition for a profession. This troublesome task is further exasperated because the trust of the public ultimately certifies a profession. NeverthelessRead MoreA Brief Note On Ethics And Conduct And Behavior1089 Words à |à 5 PagesEthics Research Report Student Name: Longfei Wang Student ID: 11529471 Executive Summary This report describe the two professional areas, they are Early Childhood and Public Relation (PR). In this two areas, this article illustrates the importance of three professional codes which are ethics, conduct and behavior. The report also reveal some ethical or unethical behaviors in the light of the two professional areas. Then the two professions will be compared in the codes ofRead MoreMy Career As A Social Worker Essay1477 Words à |à 6 Pageswork as a profession has gone through a constant change that even continues today. As I begin this journey into my career as a social worker I have to consider so many things; understanding the history of the social work profession and what it means to my career, understanding that social work is a profession and not just a discipline, why it is important that this kind of work be done by a professional, what organizations can help throughout my career, understanding the codes of ethic that governRead MoreEthical Issues in Education Essay example1736 Words à |à 7 PagesCode of ethics act as a promise to protect and support the safety of individuals in society, supports as a leading light it help the supporters of an occupation, resolve ethical problems and act as a protector the community. A code of ethics discloses and conserves the current viewpoint professionals on in what way to make ethical decisions. It stresses importance on obligation to moral values and vital beliefs. Application of a code of ethics helps us to guarantee that members of the professionRead MoreCode Of Conduct And Conduct991 Words à |à 4 PagesNEA Code of Conduct vs. NAEYC Code of Conduct The NEA code of conduct and the NAEYC code of conduct, were created for the same purpose, to demonstrate the ethical principles that teachers have to uphold in their job. Although they are different, their overall principles are basically the same. It is the teacherââ¬â¢s job to respect all parties involved in a childââ¬â¢s education and they must do no harm to the child. The teacher is responsible for all aspects of the childââ¬â¢s education and making sure that
Friday, December 20, 2019
The Poisoned Apple - 1057 Words
The Poisoned Apple Apple Inc. is one of the most notable brands in todays market. With products ranging from home computers, cellphones, internet and cable, to television, Apple Inc. seems to be dominating in every aspect of the technological world. The company started in a garage with only three members, Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak. With such as small base of operations, one must question of how these young men were able to create and maintain this powerhouse of a company for over forty years. Although there are many other aspects that have contributed to their success, Apple Inc.s use of propaganda techniques in their ad campaigns have to be one of the main factors for its rising fame. The first ad in question comes from one of their earlier works of Macintosh Plus in 1986. The name of this ad is called ââ¬Å"Power to be the Bestâ⬠and depicts not only the Apple product, but also various athletes such as Olympians competing amongst one another. In one shot ther e is a rock star on-stage, blaring out music through his guitar, as thousands of fans cheer him on. In another frame a cowboy literally takes life by the horns as he wrestles a bull to the ground while kicking up a dust storm all around. Images of NASCAR drivers racing down the tracks, a surfer enjoying his ride within a massive wave, and choir members gleefully singing in a church are just part of the many clips shown throughout the commercial. All the while these images are being projected through theShow MoreRelatedThe Brother s Grimm Reality Of Snow White792 Words à |à 4 PagesEvil Queen orders the murder of her stepdaughter. She soon discovers she is still hiding in a cottage with seven dwarfs, who are all miners. After hearing about this, the Evil Queen disguised herself as an evil hag and brings a poisoned apple to Snow White. The poisoned apple causes her to fall a sleep. And she can only be woken up by a prince, who soon finds her and wakes her up. Soon after that, they get married and live happily ever after. In contrast, the Brothers Grimm version explains howRead MoreThe Magic Of Magic In Snow White And The Fairy Tale870 Words à |à 4 Pagespick out either because they are blatantly called magic or they are events or actions that defy physics or common logic. This being said, some magical acts especially within Snow White are not so easily spotted. Most people know the mirror and the apple were magic, and in the Disney version the true loves kiss was magic, but Snow White herself seems to contain magical characteristics either by birth that appear to grow along with her which allow her to save herself. Like previously mentioned someRead MoreSymbolism Of Adam And Eve1373 Words à |à 6 Pagesthen took part of it to Adam. Immediately they ate they found themselves being naked and went to hide in bushes in the garden. The fruit they ate is the one referred to as the apple. The apple has been used to symbolize sin. The sin that God told Adam and Eve not to do but went against Gods command due to Serpent. The apple is used in the story of Adam and Eve to show the forbidden sin and for this sin came into the world. Moreover, the story of Snow White by Walt Disney is one of the most popularlyRead MoreEssay about Semiotic Analysis of a Advertising Image1457 Words à |à 6 Pagespromote the reputation and sales of the perfume. The image is a collection of signs, these signs may include paradigmatic and systematic elements such as the name of the perfume, the fonts used, the colors or the women which appears with an green apple in her hand. ââ¬ËThe goal of semiotics in the study of advertising is, ultimately, to unmask the arrays of hidden meanings in the underlying level, which form what can be called signification systemsââ¬â¢ (Beasley et.all, 2002: 20). It is obvious that inRead MoreNatural Consequences In William Blakes A Poison Tree1019 Words à |à 5 PagesAlthough when you do something so despicable that your consequence is death, now that deserves an explanation. In the poem ââ¬Å"A Poison Treeâ⬠two neighbors are feuding indirectly, this goes on and on until one neighbor acts upon his anger and grows a poisoned apple tree. In the short story ââ¬Å"Cask of Amontilladoâ⬠Montresor (the protagonist) finds out that Fortunato has beaten Montresor thousand times, and when he is finished beating, Montresor can tell that Fortunato is his sworn enemy. Montresor lures FortunatoRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allen Poe And A Poison Tree By William Blake860 Words à |à 4 Pagesby plotting his murder is a certain place.Till it bore an apple bright. And my foe beheld it shine, And he knew that it was mine. And into my garden stole,When the night had veild the pole In the morning glad I see; My foe outstretched beneath the tree.â⬠(lines 10-16 William Blake) This plots the murder because he appeared to be friends with his buddy, but when he came over he stole an apple in his garden, which he didnt know was poisoned and when the murderer woke up, he saw him dead beneath aRead MoreFairytales compare and contrast1255 Words à |à 6 Pages(Tartar167). In jealou s rage she decided to kill snow white. In the Brothers Grimm version, the Queen tried to kill her three times. First by straggling, the next by brushing a poisoned comb through her hair and her last option kill her with a poisoned apple. In the Disney story, the Queen only killed her with a poisoned apple. In both versions the prince saves Snow White, but in two different ways. In the Disney fairy tale Snow White needed to be woken by true loves kiss. The prince rode to her glassRead MoreFairy Tales Speak Trough Symbols936 Words à |à 4 Pagescauses the ââ¬Å"evil prophecy to be fulfilledâ⬠(J.Grimm and W.Grimm). For Snow White this danger is symbolized through a comb: ââ¬Å"an old woman, [pulls] out the poisoned comb and holding it up and [snow white] let herself be deceived, and opened the doorâ⬠(J.Grimm and W.Grimm). In another part of the story, the snow white has a bite of a poisoned apple (again symbolizing the danger of puberty and falls to the ground dead (J.Grimm and W.Grimm). (Stone 46) emphasizes on the fact that both events of ââ¬Å"SnowRead MoreShattered: A Fictional Narrative933 Words à |à 4 Pageskingdom, I will hire dozens upon dozens of magicians. They will assist you in obtaining your freedom.â⬠On the eve of the following day, the Evil Queen came in and had a devilish grin on her face singing the lyrics,â⬠Snow is surely dead; a poisoned apple was her fate. Now my mirror who is the fairest?â⬠Darcy whimpered, ââ¬Å" You Queen, you are the fairest.â⬠The queen left with the devilish grin plastered across her face. Darcy was deeply saddened and wept so heavily it fogged his mirror. Read MoreAnalysis Of Snow White And The Huntsman1680 Words à |à 7 Pagestalk, now alone about the change that will come with the Evil Queen s death. They reminisce about the days before the Queen s reign. It is here that Snow White takes the destined apple from William to bite from it. She finds out too late that William is not actually William, but the Evil Queen in disguise. Now poisoned and unable to move, Snow White is saved, just barely, by William and the Huntsman. This leads to the following scene, where a combination of elements are brought together to showcase
Thursday, December 12, 2019
Budgeting and Cash Flowing within the Healthcare Sector - Samples
Question: Discuss about the Budgeting and Cash Flowing within the Healthcare Sector. Answer: Comment on the students response to the discussion: According to the response of the student, it has been evaluated that both budgets and cash flows are extremely significant in the healthcare industry. The discussion has been presented in a clear and concise manner, which is useful for the readers to gain an understanding about the topic. It has been identified in the discussion that budget helps in coordinating the coordination of activities between departments along with aligning such activities to the large picture. As a result, it helps in formulating the strategic plans of the healthcare organisations. Constructive feedback: After careful assessment of the provided discussion, the first feedback that could be provided regarding budgeting in healthcare organisations, as it provides evaluation of decision-making responsibilities along with enhancing responsibility of the management. Moreover, the budget helps in enhancing the performance assessments, which provide a common base for discussion on the performance of the managers in meeting their goals. In addition, the budgets provide a talking point about the variations in actual results from the original budget (Cleverley, 2017).Thus, budgeting strengthens all the areas within the healthcare sector to become highly efficient rolling up to higher efficiency organisation-wide. Another constructive feedback is that the cash flows are extremely significant for long-term planning. With the help of cash flows, an organisation could identify its existing state, in which the financial requirements are determined (Mukherjee, Al Rahahleh Lane, 2016). The outcome obtained might compel to make modifications in the capital structure of the healthcare organisation and with the help of budgets, these modifications could be implemented. Thus, cash flows are extremely significant in the healthcare organisations in estimating its capability to earn sufficient revenues in future. Hence, by agreeing fully to the response, both cash flows and budgeting are important to the process of planning. References: Cleverley, W. O. (2017).Essentials of health care finance. Jones Bartlett Learning. Mukherjee, T., Al Rahahleh, N., Lane, W. (2016). The capital budgeting process of healthcare organizations: a review of surveys.Journal of Healthcare Management,61(1), 58-76.
Wednesday, December 4, 2019
Abstract of Bill Joys The Dark Side of Technology Essay Example For Students
Abstract of Bill Joys The Dark Side of Technology Essay In his speech, The Dark Side of Technology, Bill Joy addresses the pros and cons of three new technologies: genetic engineering, nanotechnology, and robotics. Though optimistic about the benefits of these quickly developing and promising technologies, referred to as GNR for short, Joy expresses his concerns about them. Joy is primarily concerned with the self-replicating abilities they potentially possess and the widespread availability of them to those who may misuse them. Joy discusses the fact that unlike threats in previous generations such as nuclear devastation, threats created by GNR will be even more harmful and prevalent due mostly to the ease at which they can be created. Joy, the creator of Java and the founder of Sun Microsystems, speculates that phenomenal improvements and advancements in technology will occur within the next 30 years and that within 20, one may be able to design their own disease. With that in mind, Joy claims that the progress of problems from these ki nds of capabilities will surpass defenses against them, and will therefore create devastating consequences. Consequences noted, Joy feels that placing the knowledge of GNR in the hands of those not ethically sound is quite dangerous. Joy also states the inevitability of those unethical people obtaining that knowledge and misusing it. Rather than looking to technology once again for solutions to the evils of GNR abuse, Joy proposes that we recognize our ability to destroy ourselves and take responsibility morally. Joy sees the adversaries of GNR as indefensible therefore the only true solution or preventative measure in avoiding disaster from them is to not take the chance on these issues in the first place. Joy believes that we must at some point limit development and realize that the ability to develop something does not necessarily warrant the obligation to do so. Bibliography:
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